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OverviewProduction & Business ActivityISM Manufacturing PMI

ISM Manufacturing PMI

Production & Business ActivityLeadingMonthly · ISM via FRED
0
Moderate
Health Score

What Is This?

The ISM Manufacturing PMI is the closest thing to a real-time reading of factory America - it surveys purchasing managers at over 300 manufacturers who are among the first to know when orders are rising or falling. Their answers on new orders, production, and hiring roll up into a single number that has been one of the most reliable leading economic indicators for 70 years. Published the first business day of each month by the Institute for Supply Management.

Units
Diffusion index (50 = neutral)
Frequency
monthly
Source
ISM via FRED
Type
leading

How To Read It

Above 50 means the manufacturing sector is expanding - more respondents reported improvement than deterioration. Below 50 means contraction. Above 55 is strong. Above 60 is hot and can signal capacity constraints. Below 45 is meaningful contraction. The new orders sub-component is the most forward-looking - it typically leads the headline by 1-3 months. Manufacturing is only about 11% of GDP but historically it moves first in the business cycle, making this index a reliable early warning system for the broader economy.

Recent Readings

DateValueChange
February 2026Latest
52.4
0.0pts
February 2026
52.4
-0.2pts
January 2026
52.6
-

Historical Chart

NBER recession

What do you think happens next?

Your projection for ISM Manufacturing PMI

AI Analysis

Analysis updated: Mar 18, 2026·Next refresh: ~9:05 AM EST

Bull Case

A PMI reading of 52.4 signals broad-based expansion in manufacturing activity, as any print above 50 indicates sector growth, and the stable trend suggests this expansion has durability rather than being a one-off bounce. Given the 3–6 month leading indicator property, this reading implies sustained GDP contribution from the industrial sector through mid-2026, supportive of corporate earnings and employment in goods-producing industries. If new orders and production sub-indices are similarly elevated, the case strengthens for a soft-landing scenario where growth holds without reigniting inflation.

Bear Case

While 52.4 is expansionary, it remains only modestly above the 50 threshold, meaning the manufacturing recovery lacks the conviction typically associated with strong cyclical upswings and could quickly tip contractionary if demand conditions soften. The 'stable' trend, rather than an accelerating one, may reflect a ceiling on industrial momentum constrained by still-restrictive financing costs and subdued global trade volumes. If the prices paid sub-index is rising alongside this headline print, the Fed faces a stagflationary risk where manufacturing activity provides insufficient growth offset to justify any easing of monetary policy.

Macro Context

At 52.4, the ISM Manufacturing PMI sits comfortably in expansion territory but below the 55+ readings historically associated with robust industrial cycles, placing current conditions in a moderate-growth regime consistent with trend-level economic activity. This reading should be interpreted alongside the Services PMI, which dominates U.S. output, and upcoming Durable Goods Orders data to confirm whether the goods sector is genuinely broadening its recovery. The critical threshold to monitor is whether the index sustains above 50 through Q2 2026, as a reversion below that level would carry meaningful recessionary signal value given the indicator's historical lead time.

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Related Indicators

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